Conjunctive Adjuncts

	Type	Meaning	Examples
I elaborating	appositive	‘i.e., e.g.’	that is, in other words, for instance
	corrective	‘rather’	or rather, at least, to be precise
	dismissive	‘in any case’	in any case, anyway, leaving that aside
	summative	‘in short’	briefly, to sum up, in conclusion
	verificative	‘actually’	actually, in fact, as a matter of fact
II extending	additive	‘and’	also, moreover, in addition, besides
	adversative	‘but’	on the other hand, however, conversely
	variative	‘instead’	instead, alternatively
III enhancing	temporal	‘then’	meanwhile, before that, later on, next, soon, finally
	comparative	‘likewise’	likewise, in the same way
	causal	‘so’	therefore, for this reason, as a result, with this in mind
	conditional	‘(if…) then’	in that case, under the circumstances, otherwise
	concessive	‘yet’	nevertheless, despite that
	respective	‘as to that’	in this respect, as far as that’s concerned

(Halliday & Matthiessen 2004: 82)

Expansion Type	Sub-Types			Items
elaboration	apposition	expository		in other words, that is (to say), I mean (to say), to put it another way
		exemplifying		for example, for instance, thus, to illustrate
	clarification	corrective		or rather, at least, to be more precise
		distractive		by the way, incidentally
		dismissive		in any case, anyway, leaving that aside
		particularising		in particular, more especially
		resumptive		as I was saying, to resume, to get back to the point
		summative		in short, to sum up, in conclusion, briefly
		verificative		actually, as a matter of fact, in fact
extension	addition	positive		and, also, moreover, in addition
		negative		nor
		adversative		but, yet, on the other hand, however
	variation	replacive		on the contrary, instead
		subtractive		apart from that, except for that
		alternative		alternatively
enhancement	temporal	simple	following	then, next, afterwards [including correlatives first…then]
			simultaneous	just then, at the same time
			preceding	before that, hitherto, previously
			conclusive	in the end, finally
		complex	immediate	at once, thereupon, straightaway
			interrupted	soon, after a while
			repetitive	next time, on another occasion
			specific	next day, an hour later, that morning
			durative	meanwhile, all that time
			terminal	until then, up to that point
			punctiliar	at this moment
		simple internal	following	next, secondly (‘my next point is’) [including correlatives first…next]
			simultaneous	at this point, here, now
			preceding	hitherto, up to now
			conclusive	lastly, last of all, finally
	manner	comparison	positive	likewise, similarly
			negative	in a different way, contrariwise
		means		thus, thereby, by such means
	causal-conditional	general		so, then, therefore, consequently, hence, because of that, for
		specific	result	in consequence, as a result
			reason	on account of this, for that reason
			purpose	for that purpose, with this in view
			conditional: positive	then, in that case, in that event, under the circumstances
			conditional: negative	otherwise, if not
			concessive	yet, still, though, despite this, however, even so, all the same, nevertheless
	matter	positive		here, there, as to that, in that respect
		negative		in other respects, elsewhere

(Halliday & Matthiessen 2004: 542-3)

What The Stratification Of The Content Plane Means

Semantics is lexicogrammar — viewed at a higher level of symbolic abstraction (meaning).
Lexicogrammar is semantics — viewed at a lower level of symbolic abstraction (wording).

Why Eco-Functional ‘Selection’ Rather Than ‘Pre-selection’?

Halliday & Matthiessen (1999: 94):

Such selections have been referred to as “pre-selections”, but in order to avoid any connotations of temporal sequence, we prefer the term “selection” for such relations in the ideation base.

Expletives Undeleted

Knower Code

Expansion & Projection Enable The Metaphorical Elaboration Of The Semantic System

Halliday & Matthiessen (1999: 294-5):

The whole metaphorical elaboration [of the semantic system] is made possible by a fractal pattern that runs through the whole system. We have suggested that the metaphorical elaboration is a token–value relation; but in order for it to be a token–value relation within the semantic system, it has to be natural in the sense that the token and the value domains have to be similar enough to allow for the token to stand for the value. … The principle behind this similarity is the fractal pattern of projection/expansion … 

That is, while grammatical metaphor constitutes a move from one “phenomenal domain” to another … this move is made possible because fractal types engender continuity across these domains: the metaphorical move from one phenomenal domain to another takes place within the one and the same transphenomenal domain.

Expansion & Projection: Fractal Types

Halliday & Matthiessen (1999: 223): 

Since projection and expansion operate across the various categories of phenomena, we referred to them as transphenomenal categories. As transphenomenal categories, they are meaning types that are in some sense “meta” to the organisation of the ideation base: they are principles of construing our experience of the world that generate identical patterns of semantic organisation which are of variable magnitude and which occur in variable semantic environments. Such patterns therefore constitute fractal types.

Expansion And Projection: Transgrammatical Semantic Domains

Halliday & Matthiessen (2004: 593):

… there are semantic domains that are construed in more than one place in the grammar, by more than one system local to one particular grammatical unit. These semantic domains range over two or more grammatical domains, spanning two or more grammatical units. There are two fundamental semantic domains of this kind — expansion and projection.

Chinese Slang

Habitus

Clause Structure Vs Clause Complex Structure

Clause: Multivariate

Halliday & Matthiessen (2004: 384):

A multivariate structure is a configuration of different functional relationships … . Note that, although it is the functions that are labelled, the structure actually consists of the relationships among them.

Clause Complex: Univariate

Halliday & Matthiessen (2004: 383-4):

The tactic structures of complexes are relational in nature; they are the kind of structure that we have called univariate, to distinguish it from the multivariate structures … . A univariate structure is an iteration of the same functional relationship; … Such iterative structures are unique to the logical mode of meaning; they are formed out of logico-semantic relations.

Unmarked Vs Marked Themes In Declarative Clauses

Halliday & Matthiessen (2004: 73, 74):

In a declarative clause, the typical pattern is one in which Theme is conflated with Subject; … We shall refer to the mapping of Theme on to Subject as the unmarked Theme of a declarative clause. The Subject is the element that is chosen as Theme unless there is good reason for choosing something else. 

A Theme that is something other than the Subject, in a declarative clause, we shall refer to as a marked Theme. The most usual form of marked Theme is an adverbial group … or prepositional phrase … functioning as Adjunct in the clause. Least likely to be thematic is a Complement, which is a nominal group that is not functioning as Subject — something that could have been a Subject but is not … . Sometimes even the Complement from within a prepositional phrase functions as Theme … .

Blogger Comments:

Note that such a clause has either an unmarked Theme or a marked Theme, not both.  Those who ignore Halliday and stupidly think that the Subject is always Theme would have to analyse the clause on your left is the main bedroom as:

on your left	is	the main bedroom
Theme: marked	Rheme	Theme: unmarked

that is, with two distinct 'points of departure' and the 'body of the message' being simply is.

Surprise!!!

How To Name Animals In German

Logico-Semantic Relations Between Process+Medium And Other Participants

Agent — Initiator, Actor (effective), Phenomenon (effective), Sayer (effective), Token (effective), Attributor, Assigner — and Beneficiary — Client, Recipient, Receiver — are related by enhancement.

Range varies between elaboration — Scope, Behaviour, intensive Attribute, intensive Value (middle) — and projection — Phenomenon (middle), Verbiage.  See Halliday & Matthiessen (1999: 172-6).

Syllabification: Trinocular Perspective

from above (grammar): morpheme boundary
	w	i	z	d		ø	m
from below (phonetics): maximum articulatory closure

from above (grammar): morpheme boundary
	m	o	n	s	t		r	ø	s
from below (phonetics): maximum articulatory closure

from above (grammar): morpheme boundary
	l	o	b		s	t		ø
from below (phonetics): maximum articulatory closure

Intonation

Our intonations contain our philosophy of life,
what each of us is constantly telling himself about things.

Marcel Proust

Making A Hash Of It

Cred Street

External Vs Internal Temporal Conjunction

1. External Temporal Conjunction

Halliday & Hasan (1976: 239, 240):

… it is a relation between events […] first one thing happens then another.  The time sequence […] is […] in the content of what is being said. 

… the cohesion has to be interpreted in terms of the experiential function of language; it is a relation between meanings in the sense of representations of ‘contents’, (our experience of) external reality. 

… those which exist as relations between external phenomena …

2. Internal Temporal Conjunction

Halliday & Hasan (1976: 239, 240):

The time sequence is in the speaker’s organisation of his discourse. … a relationship between different stages in the unfolding of the speaker’s communication role — the meanings he allots to himself as a participant in the total situation. 

… the cohesion has to be interpreted in terms of the interpersonal function of language; it is a relation between meanings in the sense of representations of the speaker’s own ‘stamp’ on the situation — his choice of speech role and rhetorical channel, his attitudes, his judgements and the like. 

… those which are as it were internal to the communication situation.