The Thought Occurs

Thursday 31 July 2014

Conjunctive Adjuncts



Type
Meaning
Examples
I
elaborating
appositive
‘i.e., e.g.’
that is, in other words, for instance
corrective
‘rather’
or rather, at least, to be precise
dismissive
‘in any case’
in any case, anyway, leaving that aside
summative
‘in short’
briefly, to sum up, in conclusion
verificative
‘actually’
actually, in fact, as a matter of fact
II
extending
additive
‘and’
also, moreover, in addition, besides
adversative
‘but’
on the other hand, however, conversely
variative
‘instead’
instead, alternatively
III
enhancing
temporal
‘then’
meanwhile, before that, later on, next, soon, finally
comparative
‘likewise’
likewise, in the same way
causal
‘so’
therefore, for this reason, as a result, with this in mind
conditional
‘(if…) then’
in that case, under the circumstances, otherwise
concessive
‘yet’
nevertheless, despite that
respective
‘as to that’
in this respect, as far as that’s concerned

(Halliday & Matthiessen 2004: 82)




Expansion Type
Sub-Types
Items
elaboration
apposition
expository
in other words, that is (to say), I mean (to say), to put it another way
exemplifying
for example, for instance, thus, to illustrate
clarification
corrective
or rather, at least, to be more precise
distractive
by the way, incidentally
dismissive
in any case, anyway, leaving that aside
particularising
in particular, more especially
resumptive
as I was saying, to resume, to get back to the point
summative
in short, to sum up, in conclusion, briefly
verificative
actually, as a matter of fact, in fact
extension
addition
positive
and, also, moreover, in addition
negative
nor
adversative
but, yet, on the other hand, however
variation
replacive
on the contrary, instead
subtractive
apart from that, except for that
alternative
alternatively
enhancement
temporal
simple
following
then, next, afterwards [including correlatives first…then]
simultaneous
just then, at the same time
preceding
before that, hitherto, previously
conclusive
in the end, finally
complex
immediate
at once, thereupon, straightaway
interrupted
soon, after a while
repetitive
next time, on another occasion
specific
next day, an hour later, that morning
durative
meanwhile, all that time
terminal
until then, up to that point
punctiliar
at this moment
simple internal
following
next, secondly (‘my next point is’) [including correlatives first…next]
simultaneous
at this point, here, now
preceding
hitherto, up to now
conclusive
lastly, last of all, finally
manner
comparison
positive
likewise, similarly
negative
in a different way, contrariwise
means
thus, thereby, by such means
causal-conditional
general
so, then, therefore, consequently, hence, because of that, for
specific
result
in consequence, as a result
reason
on account of this, for that reason
purpose
for that purpose, with this in view
conditional: positive
then, in that case, in that event, under the circumstances
conditional: negative
otherwise, if not
concessive
yet, still, though, despite this, however, even so, all the same, nevertheless
matter
positive
here, there, as to that, in that respect
negative
in other respects, elsewhere

(Halliday & Matthiessen 2004: 542-3)